THE LAST INVASION OF BRITAIN
Above the doorway of the Royal Oak pub in the centre of
Fishguard in Wales are the words
‘Last
invasion of Britain peace treaty was signed here here in 1797.’
It refers to the last landing of a foreign army on British
soil which occurred during the Napoleonic Wars. In 1797 a force of 1,400 men
was put ashore at nearby Carregwastad Point with ambitious orders to march
north through Wales to take and burn the port of Liverpool. Half soldiers, half
released jail prisoners were under the
command of an Irish-American named Colonel Tate. They were immediately attacked
by a mixed force of yeomanry and villagers including women, and in two days
their surrender was accepted. The French invasion force was lined up on Goodwin
Sands and Colonel Tate signed a surrender document in the presence of British
commander Earl Cawdor at the Royal Oak. The table on which this took place can
be still seen inside the pub.
DEFENCE BATTERY
During the Napoleonic Wars, the 12th
Earl of Cassillis of Culzean Castle on the Ayrshire coast, was well prepared
for a possible invasion. He constructed
gun emplacements on a rampart near the castle.
11 six pounder cannons could fire cannon balls up to 2 miles
distance. They are still intact being
the only Battery of their type remaining in Britain.
THE ROYAL MILITARY CANAL
At the
beginning of the 19th century it was thought that a likely point of
possible invasion by Napoleon’s Army was at Romney Marsh and as a result a
unique defensive canal was built as a third line of defence after the Royal
Navy and a line of 74 Martello Towers along the coast. Construction began at
Seabrook near Hythe in Kent in 1804 and was competed in 1809 at a total cost of
£234,000. It runs for 28 miles to Cliff end near Hastings. A Royal Military
Road constructed parallel to the canal with an earth parapet 13 feet high had
field guns positioned every 600 yards which as a whole formed an impressive
defensive structure.
The Royal Military canal
The canal
is still well maintained being an important environmental site for the control
of water levels in the area.
THE TRAFALGAR WAY
The Trafalgar was inaugurated in 2005 when the Princess
Royal unveiled a plaque at Falmouth in Cornwall to launch a series of events
along the Way, each one marked by a similar plaque.
The Trafalgar Way is the historic route used to carry
dispatches, with news of the Battle of Trafalgar, overland from Falmouth to The
Admiralty in London.
In 1805, Lt. Lapenotiere of HMS Schooner Pickle reached
Falmouth on 4th November enduring bad weather. He then continued by
express post-chaise to London with 21 stops to change horses on the 37 hour 271
miles journey. At the Admiralty he delivered the news of the decisive defeat of
the combined French and Spanish fleet off Cape Trafalgar and the death in
action of Vice Admiral Lord Nelson. The news was immediately passed on to the
Prime Minister and the King.
The victory removed the threat of an invasion of England by
the armies of Napoleon Boneparte
This plaque on a building in Lemon Street at Truro marks the fist post-horse change.
EQUESTRIAN STATUE
What is said to be the only equestrian statue in an English church can be seen in St Luke’s
church at Gaddesby in Leicestershire.
The 1848 statue, by Joseph Gott, of Colonel Edward Hawkins Cheney and
his horse, is a life size sculptured monument depicting Col. Cheney of the
Royal Scots Greys, who fought in the battle of Waterloo on June 18th
1815. He had four horses killed under
him and rode off on a fifth horse when command of the regiment devolved upon
him.
At the base a panel shows Col. Cheney in hand to hand combat with a French officer who was trying to recapture a lost Napoleonic eagle.
The story goes that Gott, on completing the statue, realized that he had left out the tongue of the ‘in extremis’ horse and in despair he committed suicide.
At the base a panel shows Col. Cheney in hand to hand combat with a French officer who was trying to recapture a lost Napoleonic eagle.
The story goes that Gott, on completing the statue, realized that he had left out the tongue of the ‘in extremis’ horse and in despair he committed suicide.
THREE OLD SOLDIERS
A gravestone situated just outside the door of
the church at Studland near Swanage in Dorset tells, on one side, the
remarkable story of Sgt William Lawrence, who saw active service with the 40th
Regiment of Foot for some ten years. He
fought against the Spanish in South America in 1805 and then fought in most of
Wellington’s battles in the Peninsular War.
He was severely wounded at the storming of Badajos, but recovered
sufficiently to take part in the decisive battle of Vittoria. He advanced with Wellington into France and
fought in the ‘glorious battle’ of Waterloo.
He was awarded the silver medal and no less than ten clasps. William ended up in Paris during the Allies
occupation.
The other side of the stone simply
reads:
CLOTILDE LAWRENCE, St Germain-en-Laye (France),
Decedee a Studland Le 26 September 1853.
William had married Clotilde Clairet in France and brought her home to his native Studland where they kept a small inn. When William died in 1869, his wish for a military funeral was respected and volunteers fired a farewell volley over the grave of this brave man.
‘Christopher Ingham
landlord of the Reservoir Tavern, Keighley,
who died September
1866 in the 80th year of his age.
He was one of the
heroes of the Peninsular War having served in the
95th
Regiment of Foot for which he received the silver medal with clasps
for the engagements at
Toulouse etc. He also received the
Wellington Medal for
Waterloo dated June 15th 1815.
Known as
Sharpe’s Grave, because it is thought that Bernard Cornwell used Ingham’s life
as the basis for his ‘Sharpe’ novels.
The Reservoir Tavern still exists in West Lane at Keighley.
In the churchyard of the parish church at Thornton-le-Dale near Pickering in North Yorkshire, is a gravestone which was restored in 1939 by the Lancashire Fusiliers. It tells an interesting story :
‘ In memory of Mathew Grimes, who died October 30 1875, aged 96 years.
An old Soldier who served with the 20th and 24th Infantry
in India and Peninsular Wars
Guard at St Helena over Napoleon and a bearer of that Monarch to his grave.
This monument is erected by admiring friends of an old veteran.
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